Showing 19 results for Article Type: Descriptive & Survey
H. Mohammadipour Anvari , S. Sadeghi ,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Aims: Today, several studies have been performed to determine the relationship between this factor and the mortality rate of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, which has sometimes been favorable in predicting short-term mortality (1 month) of these patients without conclusions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum CRP levels before general anesthesia and one-month mortality in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Instrument & Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was performed during 2018 to 2020 in Shahid Madani Hospital (Tabriz Medical Sciences) with the participation of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. CRP was measured before anesthesia and its association with one-month mortality was investigated.
Findings: The difference between the fat and blood sugar elements was observed in the deceased and non-deceased groups, so that the most obvious difference was in the average cholesterol. Also, there was no significant difference in the mean HDL as a risk-reducing factor. In deceased patients, the mean hsCRP was 8.89 and higher than the mean hsCRP in the non-deceased group was 6.39. (p=0.146) Also, the mean CPKMB as a known cardiac marker in deceased patients increased slightly (p=0.851).
Conclusion: The use of hsCRP should be combined with patient age, history of hypertension, history of smoking and history of diabetes mellitus.
F. Mahdavi , R. Eghdam Zamiri ,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Aims: About one-third of breast cancer patients occur over 70 years old. Aging leads to the modification of a number of different drugs in the treatment of breast cancer, which provides the basis for incomplete treatment of these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of breast cancer in elderly women.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in 2020 by reviewing the clinical records of all women with breast cancer over the age of 70 over a ten-year period ending in 2020 with a clinical record of 183 patients. Demographic information, type of tumor pathology, clinical stage of the tumor, status of hormone receptors and tumor HER2 protein, type of surgery, type of adjuvant treatment was extracted from the files and used.
Findings: In 88 non-metastatic patients, there were 90 lymph nodes positive, of which 33 (37.5%) had no estrogen receptor and 55 (62.5%) had estrogen receptor. The most systemic treatment in patients with estrogen receptor-free tumor was chemotherapy (81.8%) and in patients with estrogen receptor tumor, chemotherapy plus hormone therapy (58.2%). there were 40 non-metastatic lymph node-negative patients, of which 9 (22.5%) had no estrogen receptor and 31 (77.5%) had estrogen receptor. The most systemic treatment received in patients without estrogen receptor was only chemotherapy (77.8%) and in patients with estrogen receptor tumor was only hormone therapy (54%).
Conclusion: The most common stage of the breast cancer in over 70 years old women is type IIB.
Saboktakin L.,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Aims: Due to the fact that vitamin D and calcium in diabetes can play a major role in diabetes, and informed of preventive measures. the present study aimed to evaluate the serum calcium and vitamin D status in patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Instrument and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2018 with participation of 122 children with type 2 diabetes at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.
Findings: The venous blood samples were taken from all children to serum vitamin D and calcium levels and its levels were evaluated with diabetes. The mean serum calcium level was 9.45±0.85mg/dl and the average serum levels of vitamin D were 10.99±1.14ng/ml. Serum vitamin D levels were divided into three levels of severe deficiency, mild and natural deficiency; Also, serum calcium levels were divided into two normal and abnormal levels. Body mass index and diabetes time based on vitamin d and calcium group showed a significant difference between groups; This means that the low serum levels of vitamin D and calcium are predictors of diabetes in children.
Conclustion: Vitamin D supplementation in diabetic children in winter, when the rate of deficiency is very high, can be a practical solution to reduce the problems caused by this deficiency.
M. Milani Fard,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract
Aims: Several factors predispose to bacterial meningitis in the individuals. Clinical signs can vary in different age groups. In infants, nonspecific symptoms include severe crying, irritability, anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, and full fontanelle, myalgia, and fever.
Instrument & Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study in 2019-2021, a total of 122 patients were selected randomly by referring to the archives of Fatemi Children's Hospital, Qom Stock Exchange, Iran. With a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in the files of hospitalized children were collected using a checklist. Using the SPSS 20 software package, the information was analyzed.
Findings: A total of 122 patients were analyzed, of which 50 were girls (41%) and 72 were boys (59%). In the age group over 7 years, the mean blood glucose at the time of admission (43.71) was 122.68, with a minimum of 78 and a maximum of 256.
Conclosion: Bacterial meningitis is more common in boys than girls and is more common in the age group of 2 months to 7 years than in other ages. The most common cause is fever.
P. Maroufi , B. Nazari ,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract
Aims: Due to the fact that radiography before and after reduction requires significant waste of time, the patient is exposed to harmful radiation and imposes a significant material burden on patients, the present study was conducted based on these objectives to see if The physician's clinical judgment in determining the presence of anterior shoulder dislocation is so accurate that preoperative radiography can be ruled out in these patients. Positive results, improvements in the process of diagnosis and treatment of these patients.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences with the participation of 116 patients with shoulder trauma. Patients underwent appropriate shoulder dissection and then underwent control radiography to determine if radiography was required. Relevant data were compared using a statistical test.
Findings: In group 1, there were no fractures before and after reduction of 8 cases. There were fractures in cases with group 2 trauma, but no new fractures were seen in all cases after reduction. In group 1, one case and in group 2, six cases of unsuccessful reduction were sent to the operating room.
Conclusion: As a general conclusion, this study shows that physicians in cases of shoulder dislocation without fracture are able to accurately diagnose dislocation and correct reduction. Shoulder radiography should be requested at a time when the physician is unsure of the condition of the joint.
L. Saboktakin ,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract
Aims: Considering that in the last decade, obesity in children has been increasing significantly and obesity is directly related to high blood pressure, we decided to examine the status of blood pressure in terms of body mass index in children under 9 years.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during 2017-18 in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences with the participation of 1000 under 9-year-old children. Children were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and their body mass index and blood pressure were measured and their blood pressure status was assessed based on body mass index classification.
Findings: The mean total systolic blood pressure of the study participants was 101.49±6.18 and the mean total diastolic blood pressure of the study participants was 65.19±4.12. With increasing body mass index, blood pressure was significantly increased.
Conclusion: The higher the body mass index of children, the higher the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
S. Yasrebinia,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract
Aims: Short stature in children can occur in two stages before birth (embryonic stage) and after birth or in both stages. During pregnancy, the mother plays an important role in this regard.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted during 2018 with participation of 122 children with type 2 diabetes. Sampling by non-probable and ready-made method was conducted by examining the records of patients with diabetes referring to the office of the physicians of the children of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Data were analyzed in SPSS 21 software. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the data.
Findings: The mean serum calcium level was 9.45±0.85mg/dl and the average serum levels of vitamin D were 10.99±1.14ng/ml. Serum vitamin D levels were divided into three levels of severe deficiency, mild and natural deficiency. Body mass index and diabetes time based on vitamin D and calcium group showed a significant difference between groups.
Conclusion: The role of several micronutrients in ensuring adequate growth in children is well known. But it is not yet clear which of them has the greatest impact on children's developmental delay.
Sh. Noei Alamdary , Sh. Ghasembaglou ,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract
Aims: Given the above and the increasing prevalence of pharyngeal tumors in recent years and the high mortality of patients with these tumors, the need for epidemiological studies to determine the causes and pathophysiology of these tumors are necessary; Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate the epidemiology of uncommon pharyngeal tumors.
Instrument & Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort that was performed during the period of 2017-19 in the hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences with the participation of 60 patients with confirmation of uncommon throat cancers by available sampling method. Patients' records were reviewed based on tumor location and demographic characteristics, and based on the information obtained, the epidemiology of uncommon pharyngeal cancers was reviewed in this study.
Findings: The lowest type of cancer in the studied cases was C14.0 and the highest type of cancer was D37.0 The mean age in group C14.0 was significantly higher than other groups and in group D37.0. male gender had the most conflict. In all cancers, female gender was the most common; The highest smoking rate was in the D37.0 group.
Conclusion: Pharyngeal tumors are as rare in northwestern Iran as in other parts of the world. Smoking, old age, previous history of cancer are rare risk factors for this disease.
Sh. Sharifi , R. Azhough,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract
Aims: Considering the importance of proper pain control after hemorrhoidectomy and not using drugs due to their many side effects, we decided to conduct the present study with the aim of investigating the effect of Pudendal nerve block on reducing pain after hemorrhoidectomy.
Instrument & Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was performed in 2019 with the participation of 120 patients who were candidates for hemorrhoidectomy. Patients were divided into two groups and for one group the Pudendal nerve block method was used and for the other group routine ward procedures were performed. Finally, pain intensity at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery was evaluated and compared by McGill Visual Analog Scale.
Findings: Pain intensity in the second (p=0.001), sixth (p=0.005) and twelfth (p=0.014) hours (p=0.014) in the blocked group was significantly lower than the unblocked group, while the pain intensity between the two groups in 24 hours (p=0.215) was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: By comparing different methods of reducing pain and performing pudendal nerve block in different parts of the world and the desired results, it seems that the ischiorctal cavity block is a suitable method to reduce pain after surgery.
A. Nasseri , F. Mahdavi,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract
Aims: Due to the adverse effects of injectable opioids after surgery and the suggestions of many researchers to find a reliable way to replace opioid use and also the contradictory results of the most appropriate method of using magnesium sulfate to control and reduce postoperative pain, this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate on opioid use on reduce pain after laparotomy in patients with a history of radiotherapy.
Instrument & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 50mg/kg of bolus magnesium sulfate was injected before surgery; then, after the end of surgery, 500mg/hr of the same drug was injected. Pain intensity was assessed in patients in two different groups.
Findings: No statistically significant relationship was observed in the hemodynamic status of patients in both groups before, during and after surgery. The rate of drug use in the intervention group was associated with a decrease over time, while no significant reduction was seen in the control group. Also, no statistically significant relationship was observed between the two groups after surgery.
Conclusion: Using magnesium sulfate, although it is effective in reducing the need for opioids in laparotomy patients with a history of radiotherapy, but can not reduce the need for opioids to zero.
Sh. Noei Alamdary , Sh. Ghasembaglou,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (7-2022)
Abstract
Aims: Septal deviation is one of the common causes of the unilateral blockage of the nasal airway, which may lead to trauma to nose and the middle part of the face. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of septovlasty surgery on the function of the eustachian tube and middle ear pressure.
Instrument & Methods: This study is a prospective cohort that was performed during 2019 with the participation of 70 patients after septoplasty surgery in the hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Middle ear pressure was measured before and after surgery using a MADSEN tympanometer and the results were compared.
Findings: After septoplasty by eustachian tube function, for 56 patients on the opposite side of the nasal septum and on the opposite side of the nasal septum, 14 patients with 14 patients with bilateral deviation were removed, -3.89±51.52 and -13.04±60.59, respectively. These values for 84 patients including 14 patients with bilateral deviation were -6.14±51.92.
Conclusion: Septoplasty surgery does not have effect on eustachian tube function and middle ear pressure, and septoplasty surgery is not necessary before ear surgeries such as tympanoplasty.
F. Mahdavi , R. Azhough,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (7-2022)
Abstract
Aims: Recently, the use of metronidazole in reducing pain after hemorrhoids has been considered and it has been shown that the oral form of this drug can significantly reduce pain after hemorrhoidectomy; However, other studies have not confirmed the effect of oral metronidazole in reducing pain. The use of oral form has limitations compared to the local form due to its general effects. Therefore, in this study, the benefits of using metronidazole topical form in pain control after hemorrhoidectomy were evaluated.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 2019 with the participation of 94 hemorrhoidectomy patients in Imam Reza Hospital (Tabriz Medical Sciences); For half of the participants, metronidazole topical ointment was administered three times daily and for the other group, placebo ointment was administered. Patients' pain intensity was measured using a VAS questionnaire and compared between the two groups.
Findings: Intensity in the first hours after surgery as well as the first two weeks after surgery (measured daily) in the group receiving topical metronidazole was significantly lower than in the placebo group; The dose of acetaminophen codeine in the placebo group up to day 14 was significantly higher than the group receiving metronidazole.
Conclusion: Topical metronidazole can reduce postoperative pain. In addition, the pain after defecation and the need for analgesia are significantly reduced. However, further studies are needed for the widespread use of this form of medicine in the clinic.
L. Saboktakin,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (10-2022)
Abstract
Aims: In some studies, obesity has been linked to pediatric thyroid disorders; This relationship can lead to many risks in children; Because both of these diseases have side effects that can occur more severely together; High blood pressure, disorders of the immune system, as well as cardiovascular disease occur in children who are obese and have thyroid disorders 16 times more often than normal children; The aim of this study was the relationship between hypothyroidism and body mass index in children.
Instrument & Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted during 2019 in Tabriz General Medical University with the participation of 100 children. Demographic information, body mass index, T4, TF4, T3 and FT3 were recorded for all children and the relationship between body mass index and thyroid test status was assessed.
Findings: The children participating in the study were divided according to body mass index. They were also divided according to the amount of thyroid hormones. The results showed that the higher the body mass index, the lower the thyroid hormones; In other words, the results showed that hypothyroidism leads to obesity in children.
Conclusion: In all cases of subclinical hypothyroidism in children, following which thyroid function returns to normal, re-evaluation at older ages, especially during adolescence or pregnancy, is necessary.
Sh. Noei Alamdary , Sh. Ghasembaglou ,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (10-2022)
Abstract
Aims: Vitamin D has also been shown to reduce respiratory infections in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy in children.
Instrument & Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study that was performed on 140 children with symptoms of tonsillitis referred to the hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. All patients were divided into four groups according to the degree of tonsillitis and their severity of tonsillitis was compared with the serum level of vitamin D.
Findings: Children were divided into four groups based on their grade level. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of gender between the four groups (p=0.845). The average level of vitamin D in children is as follows: Grade 1: Vitamin D level was 18.12±2.27 ng/dL; Grade 2 had vitamin D levels of 17.48±2.54 ng/dL; Grade 3 had vitamin D levels of 15.27±2.03 ng/dl, and grade 4 children had vitamin D levels of 15.01±2.12 ng/dL. Comparison of vitamin D levels in different groups was not statistically significant (p=0.557).
Conclusion: There is no relationship between vitamin D levels and clinical signs and symptoms of tonsillitis in children.
L. Saboktakin ,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (1-2023)
Abstract
Aims: Due to nutritional differences in different regions, the study of micronutrient deficiencies, including zinc in each region, is very important and useful for the medical and health groups of that region. Studies on the high prevalence of zinc deficiency in different parts of Iran. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency among six-year-old children with short stature in Tabriz.
Instrument & Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in 2018 with the participation of 214 children referred to health centers in Tabriz. Children's height and weight were measured by serum zinc levels, and their relationship was reported based on normal and abnormal zinc levels.
Findings: 75 participants had zinc deficiency; the mean zinc level in these subjects was 69.41±25.96μg/dl. The height of these children was significantly lower than that of the group in which the serum zinc level was normal (81.65±31.75μg/dl; p=0.041). On the other hand, the serum zinc level in lean children (59.70±25.41μg/dl) was significantly lower than that of normal-weight children (81.02±34.66μg/dl; p=0.039).
Conclusion: Zinc deficiency leads to short stature and weight loss in six-year-olds. It is recommended that zinc supplements be considered in children's health planning.
L. Saboktakin,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (4-2023)
Abstract
Aims: Therefore, despite the two important components of metabolic syndrome and its high in adolescents, this study aims to determine the prevalence of some components. Metabolic syndrome (abdominal obesity and hypertension) in primary school children in Tabriz was designed to have an intervention program for both children and adolescents in this study, and the first effective steps in the prevention and treatment of this. Remove the components of the metabolic syndrome.
Instrument & Methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted in 2019 with the participation of 500 children under 7 years old who were referred to health centers in Tabriz. Blood pressure, height, weight, and indicators of metabolic syndrome were measured for all children, and the prevalence of this syndrome was measured based on body mass index.
Findings: 50 (10%) of the study participants had metabolic syndrome. Participants in the study were divided into two groups based on whether or not they had metabolic syndrome, and the relevant indicators were compared. Based on this classification, it was found that there are statistically significant differences between the waist ratio and metabolic syndrome as well as body mass index and metabolic syndrome between the two groups; based on the results of the study, it was found that body mass index in people with metabolic syndrome was significantly higher than people without metabolic syndrome (p=0.005).
Conclusion: Two important components of metabolic syndrome (abdominal obesity and obesity) are relatively common in Tabriz children under 7 years of age.
E.s. Afraz, Y. Khezri, P. Ghahari, S.s. Taheri Roudsari, P. Ghahari,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Abstract
Aims: If general practitioners are trained in oral health, it is possible to provide better guidance to patients in solving their oral and dental problems. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of general practitioners and medical students in the relationship between oral health and general health in Semnan City.
Instrument & Methods: In this cross-sectional study at Semnan University of Medical Sciences in 2021-2022, 150 internship medical students (years 6 and 7) and 50 general practitioners were selected. A checklist of demographic information and a researcher-made oral health awareness questionnaire were prepared and requested to be completed by participants.
Findings: There was no significant difference in medical students (12.62±2.57) and general practitioners (12.07±2.94) total knowledge scores (p=0.209). The “oral manifestations of systemic diseases" score in medical students (4.26±1.73) was significantly (p=0.001) higher than general practitioners (3.32±1.43). Knowledge had no significant correlation with age (p=0.263; r=-0.80) and educational history (p=0.101; r=0.131). There was no significant difference between the state of awareness of men and women (p=0.84).
Conclusion: The level of knowledge of medical students and general practitioners about oral health has no difference and is unacceptable.
R. Hassanzadeh , H. Khaleghi , Z. Manzaritavakoli , A. Saeidinia , L. Namdar, Z. Askari, M. Bashi,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (2-2024)
Abstract
Aims: The cesarean method is one of the most common surgical procedures among women in recent years. Lack of information and negative attitudes toward natural childbirth are the main reasons behind the increase in pregnant women’s tendency toward the cesarean section. This study investigated the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on natural childbirth tendency among primiparous women.
Materials & Methods: This controlled interventional research with 140 primiparous women (n=70 women in each group) who attended the health centers in Sirjan City, Iran, in 2022, in their 18th to 30th month of pregnancy. A multi-stage sampling method was applied to select participants. The intervention was carried out based on the theory of planned behavior during four 45-60min sessions. A questionnaire was used for data collection before and after the intervention. The data was analyzed using the paired t-test, independent t-test, Fisher’s exact test, and Chi-square test in SPSS 22 software.
Findings: The intervention program had a positive effect on the mothers’ perceived behavioral control (p=0.046). The intervention could increase the number of people who did the natural delivery in the intervention group. There was no improvement in the individuals’ attitude (p=0.75), subjective norms (p=0.11) and behavior (p=0.23).
Conclusion: The theory of planned behavior can be effective in reducing elective cesarean section among women under the study.
F. Ghalami , H.r. Binutha , M. Haghipanah ,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (2-2024)
Abstract
Aims: Several factors are involved in the healing process of diabetic foot ulcers. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
Instrument & Methods: This study was conducted on three groups of subjects. The first group was men and women (n=30) with diabetes and diabetic foot ulcers referring clinical centers in Iran. Another group was including diabetic women and men patients (n=30) without ulcers. The third group included healthy men and women (n=30). Blood samples were collected and assessed for the serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, bFGF, IFN-γ, selenoprotein, PDGF, VEGF and GM-CSF with the help of specific kits.
Findings: The results showed significant differences between groups for the serum concentrations of TNF-α (p=0.001), IL-1β (p=0.001), IL-6 (p=0.001), bFGF (p=0.001), IFN-γ (p=0.001), selenoprotein (p=0.001), PDGF (p=0.001), VEGF (p=0.001) and GM-CSF (p=0.001). The results showed the serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, PDGF, and GM-CSF were significantly higher in the patients with diabetes and foot ulcers, diabetes, and healthy subjects, respectively. The results showed a positive correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokines, while a negative correlation was observed between pro-inflammatory cytokines and other variables.
Conclusion: Pro-inflammatory and inflammatory factors are higher in diabetic patients, especially those with diabetic ulcers. The concentration of factors can be considered for the treatment and as markers for the treatment of foot ulcers.
